Accidents happen when we least expect them. Whether it’s a car crash on the highway, a slip on a wet floor, a dog bite in the neighborhood, or an injury at work, knowing what steps to take afterward can make all the difference. This comprehensive guide will walk you through exactly what to do after a personal injury accident to protect your health, preserve your legal rights, and set the stage for a successful insurance or legal claim. We’ll cover general steps to follow in any accident and dive into specific tips for vehicle accidents, workplace injuries, animal attacks, and other common scenarios. By the end, you’ll understand how to handle the aftermath with confidence – and when to reach out for professional help (like the team at Francis Injury’s experienced personal injury attorneys). Let’s get started.

Did you know? Accidental injuries are extremely common. According to the CDC, U.S. emergency departments treated over 26 million unintentional injuries in 2022. With so many people hurt each year, it’s crucial to be prepared. Here are the key steps to take after any personal injury accident:
1. Prioritize Your Medical Care
Your health comes first. In the immediate aftermath of an accident, check yourself and others for injuries. If there’s any pain, bleeding, dizziness, or if something just “doesn’t feel right,” call 911 or seek medical attention right away. Even if injuries seem minor, get a professional evaluation as soon as possible. Adrenaline and shock can mask pain – it’s not unusual to feel “fine” at first, only to discover serious issues later. For example, whiplash, concussions, or internal injuries might not show symptoms immediately because an accident’s adrenaline rush can temporarily reduce your ability to feel pain (WebMD explains this effect). Don’t take chances: let a doctor examine you.
Following medical advice is also important. Follow all treatment plans and doctors’ orders carefully – take medications as prescribed, go to recommended specialists or physical therapy, and attend follow-up appointments. Not only does this help you heal, but it also creates documented evidence of your injuries and recovery. If you delay treatment or skip appointments, insurance companies might argue your injuries aren’t serious or were caused by something else. In short: take care of yourself and keep a record of all medical visits and expenses (we’ll talk more about record-keeping in Step 6).
2. Ensure Safety and Report the Accident
After an accident, once you’ve checked for injuries, ensure the scene is safe and report what happened to the proper authorities. This step can vary slightly by situation, but the general idea is the same:
- Car or Traffic Accidents: If you’re in a vehicle accident, first move to a safe area if possible. For example, in a fender-bender on a road, you might carefully pull over to the shoulder to avoid another collision. Then call 911 to report the crash. In many jurisdictions, calling the police is required if there are injuries or significant property damage. Having an official police report is crucial for insurance claims and potential legal action. Do not leave the scene until authorities say you can – leaving an accident scene can be illegal. The police will document the incident and often determine fault or issue citations. Make sure to ask the responding officers how to obtain a copy of the police report later, as it will be valuable evidence for your claim.
- Workplace Injuries: If you’re hurt on the job, notify your supervisor or employer immediately. Most states require that workplace injuries be reported within a very short timeframe (sometimes the same day or within a few days). Prompt reporting is critical to qualify for workers’ compensation benefits. Tell your boss or HR in writing if possible, detailing when, where, and how you got hurt. Your employer should file an official accident report. Failing to report promptly could jeopardize your ability to claim benefits. Also, follow any internal company protocols for workplace accidents (many companies have specific forms or procedures). If the injury is severe, of course call 911 first – your safety is priority. After that, the incident must be documented with your employer.
- Other Situations: For animal attacks or dog bites, you should contact local animal control or the police to report the incident, especially if the animal is loose or poses a continued threat. This creates a record and helps authorities ensure the animal doesn’t harm someone else. In the case of a slip and fall or injury on someone’s property, report it to the property owner or manager right away. For instance, if you fell in a store, inform a manager and ensure an incident report is created. Having that official record will be very helpful later on.
Bottom line: Whatever the scenario, make sure the incident is officially reported to the relevant authorities. An official report (police report, workplace incident report, animal control report, etc.) provides an impartial account of what happened. It can serve as powerful evidence when dealing with insurance companies or legal claims. And remember, when speaking or writing your report, stick to the facts. Describe what happened, but do not admit fault or blame others in the heat of the moment. Simply state the facts of the accident as clearly as you can.
3. Document the Accident Scene
One of the most important things you can do after an accident is to preserve evidence. Memories fade and conditions change, so document the scene while details are fresh. If you’re safely able to do so (and not severely injured), use your smartphone to collect as much information as possible. Here are some tips for documenting an accident scene:

- Photographs: A picture truly is worth a thousand words. Take clear photos of everything relevant: the area where it happened, any hazards or conditions that contributed (like skid marks on the road, a spill on the floor, a broken step, etc.), any property damage (vehicle damage, torn clothing, etc.), and all visible injuries on your body. For car accidents, get pictures of all vehicles involved (from multiple angles), license plates, debris on the road, traffic signs or signals, and the overall scene. If it’s a dog bite, photograph the wound (bite marks) and the area where it occurred. In a work accident, snap photos of the equipment or environment that caused injury (e.g. the machine or scaffold). These images can later help accident reconstruction experts or insurance adjusters understand exactly what happened. The goal is to capture the scene as it was at the time of the accident.
- Video: If possible, take a quick video panorama of the scene. Sometimes a video can capture context (like sounds, or an overview of how things are laid out) better than photos. Walk through the scene narrating anything notable (“here’s the wet floor with no warning sign,” or “the traffic light is smashed,” etc.). Just be sure to save these files securely.
- Witness Info: Look around for anyone who saw what happened. Witnesses can be incredibly important. If bystanders, coworkers, or other drivers witnessed the incident, politely ask for their names and contact information. If they’re willing, have them briefly describe what they saw and either write it down or record a voice memo (with their permission). At the very least, getting their phone number or email means your attorney or insurance adjuster can contact them later for a statement. Example: If you slipped in a grocery store, another shopper might confirm that an employee knew about the spill and didn’t clean it – but if you don’t get their contact info, that helpful testimony could be lost. So don’t be shy about asking witnesses to help; most people understand and will be cooperative.
- Other Evidence: Depending on the situation, there may be other important evidence to gather. In a car accident, exchange insurance details with the other driver(s) – get their name, phone, address, insurance company and policy number, and license plate number. You can simply snap a photo of their insurance card and driver’s license. Also note the make, model, and color of the other vehicle. In a business or store, ask management for a copy of the incident report if one is made. If you suspect surveillance cameras might have caught the accident (common in stores or parking lots), make a note of that – your attorney can try to obtain the footage before it’s erased. For dog bites, get the dog owner’s name and contact info, and verify if the dog has up-to-date rabies vaccinations if possible.
By thoroughly documenting the scene, you create a strong foundation for any claim. Evidence is the backbone of a personal injury case – the more you have, the better. In fact, we’ve written a detailed guide on the types of evidence to gather after a crash (like photos, witness statements, etc.); feel free to check out our post on car accident evidence you need after a wreck for additional tips. The advice applies to other accidents as well.
One more thing: If you’re too injured to collect evidence yourself, ask someone else at the scene to help. A friend, family member, or even a kind stranger might be willing to take a few photos or get a witness’s contact info for you. Any evidence collected is better than none – you can always sort it out later with your attorney.
4. Notify Your Insurance (and Other Parties as Needed)
After taking care of immediate concerns, promptly notify the appropriate insurance companies about the accident. This helps start the claims process and protects you from potential coverage issues. The exact insurance to notify will depend on the type of accident:
- Auto Accidents: If you were involved in a motor vehicle accident, contact your auto insurance company as soon as you can (often within 24 hours is recommended). Many insurance policies actually require “prompt” or “timely” notice of any collision. When you call, stick to the facts of what happened without admitting fault. You can report that an accident occurred, give the date/time/location, the other driver’s info, and that you suffered injuries and vehicle damage. It’s okay to be brief. Do not volunteer blame or make guesses about things like speed or who caused it – those details will be sorted out in the investigation. Simply say the incident is under investigation and you’ll provide more info as needed. Also, do not give a recorded statement to the other driver’s insurance company if they reach out – at least not without getting advice from your lawyer (more on that in Step 5). Only speak with your own insurer initially. Notifying your insurer will open a claim file. Later, if the other driver was clearly at fault, your attorney may pursue the other party’s insurer for compensation – but you still need to let your insurer know in case there are coverage issues or if you have benefits like MedPay or uninsured motorist coverage.
- Work Injuries: For a workplace injury, the equivalent step is to file a workers’ compensation claim (in addition to reporting to your employer as mentioned earlier). Your employer should provide you with the necessary forms to file a claim with their workers’ comp insurance. Do this quickly, as there are deadlines. Once filed, this puts your employer’s insurance on notice that you are seeking benefits for a work-related injury. Workers’ comp can cover medical bills and a portion of lost wages, regardless of fault, but you must follow the process. If you have any difficulty getting the claim started, or if your employer is uncooperative, consider speaking to an attorney who handles workers’ comp. And remember, don’t use your personal health insurance for a work injury without first exploring workers’ comp – in many cases, your health insurer might deny claims that should be under workers’ comp. Protect your rights by following the proper channels.
- Property or Liability Insurance: If you were injured on someone else’s property (like a slip and fall in a store or a neighbor’s dog bite), the at-fault party’s liability insurance should be notified. For example, a store will have general liability insurance, a homeowner will have homeowners insurance (which often covers dog bites and slip/fall injuries on the property), and a business might have specialized liability coverage. You might notify them directly with a letter or claim, or you might prefer to have an attorney do this on your behalf (since liability insurance adjusters will likely ask for statements or try to get you to settle quickly). If you do speak to a property owner’s insurer, again stick to basic facts and avoid admissions. It may actually be best to consult an attorney first (Step 5), because once lawyers are involved, they usually handle communication with insurance companies for you.
- Notify Your Health Insurance (if applicable): If you receive medical treatment, use your health insurance for hospital or doctor visits if you have it. You can get treatment right away and not worry about bills while your claim is being investigated. Just be aware, if you later receive a personal injury settlement, your health insurer may have a right to be reimbursed for what they paid (this is called subrogation). Still, getting treatment is the priority. You can sort out any reimbursements later with legal help. Do keep copies of all medical bills and explanation of benefits from your health insurer.
In summary, inform the relevant insurers about the accident but be cautious in your communications. Fulfilling any notice requirements in your policies is important so that coverage isn’t denied for late reporting. At the same time, you are not obligated to go into full detail or accept blame in those initial conversations. A simple notification is enough to start the process.
Example: If you were in a car wreck caused by someone else, call your insurer to report the crash. You might say, “I was rear-ended at a stoplight on X date. My neck and back are injured and my car is damaged. I’ve reported it to the police and sought medical care. I have the other driver’s insurance info which I can provide. Please open a claim.” You don’t need to say “I think I might have been going a little fast” or “Maybe I slammed my brakes too hard” – those kinds of speculative comments can hurt your claim. Just report the basics.
Lastly, if an insurance adjuster (especially from another party’s insurer) contacts you for a statement, you have the right to politely decline until you’ve consulted with a lawyer. You can simply say, “I’m not prepared to discuss details at this time.” Insurance adjusters may seem friendly, but remember their goal is often to minimize payouts. Which brings us to the next (and very important) step…
5. Consider Consulting a Personal Injury Attorney
Serious accidents can lead to complicated legal and financial issues. Consulting an experienced personal injury attorney early in the process can significantly protect your rights and improve your chances of receiving fair compensation. While not every minor accident requires a lawyer, it’s wise to get a free consultation if you suffered significant injuries, aren’t sure who is at fault, or are feeling overwhelmed dealing with insurance companies. Here’s why involving an attorney can be a game-changer:
- Legal Guidance and Peace of Mind: A good injury lawyer will listen to the details of your situation and explain your legal options in plain language. They’ll let you know if you have a strong case, what kind of compensation you might expect, and what pitfalls to avoid. This guidance is invaluable during a stressful time. For instance, an attorney can advise you on whether you should give a statement to the other insurance company or whether to wait. (Hint: usually, wait and let your lawyer handle it!) By having an expert on your side, you won’t have to guess at the right decisions – you’ll know you’re doing things by the book.
- Handling Insurance Companies: Once you have a lawyer, insurance adjusters must communicate through your attorney (if you inform them you’ve retained counsel). This means those annoying or pressure-filled phone calls will stop coming to you – instead, the insurer will talk to your lawyer, who knows how to negotiate and what not to say. Insurance companies often try to get claimants to settle quickly and cheaply. They might offer you a fast check that barely covers your ER visit, hoping you’ll sign away your rights before you realize the full extent of your injuries. An attorney from Francis Injury or another reputable firm will prevent that. They will negotiate aggressively on your behalf to seek the full compensation you deserve, not a lowball early offer. And if the insurer refuses to be reasonable, your attorney can file a lawsuit and take the fight to court.
- Investigation and Evidence Gathering: Lawyers know what evidence is needed to prove liability and damages. A personal injury firm will often help investigate the accident – they can obtain traffic camera footage, hire accident reconstruction experts, get witness affidavits, and preserve evidence that you might not be able to get on your own. They will also gather all your medical records, bills, and documentation of losses to build a strong case file. For example, the team at Francis Injury (Car & Truck Accident Lawyers) is well-versed in gathering crucial evidence for complex accident cases. We often step in early to prevent evidence from “disappearing” (like a trucking company erasing driver log data or a store deleting surveillance video).
- Maximizing Compensation: Perhaps most importantly, an attorney’s job is to maximize the compensation you receive. This includes economic damages (medical expenses, lost wages, etc. – see Section 6) and non-economic damages (pain and suffering, etc.). Experienced lawyers know how to calculate a fair value for your claim. They won’t be fooled by common insurance tactics and will fight to get every dollar you’re entitled to. Statistics show that, on average, injury victims who have legal representation recover significantly more (even after legal fees) than those who handle claims themselves. It’s not about being “sue-happy” – it’s about ensuring you aren’t left footing the bill for an accident that wasn’t your fault.
- Contingency Fee – No Upfront Cost: Worried about the cost of a lawyer? The good news is personal injury attorneys almost always work on a contingency fee basis. This means you pay nothing upfront. Your attorney only gets paid if they win money for you, typically as a percentage of the settlement or judgment. If they don’t win, you owe them nothing for their services. This arrangement allows anyone, regardless of finances, to have quality legal representation. For instance, Michael Francis, our founding attorney at Francis Injury, operates on contingency fees – so we only succeed when you do.
So when should you call a lawyer? As soon as possible after your immediate medical needs are addressed. It’s often beneficial to have a lawyer involved before giving detailed statements or signing any insurance documents. They can prevent mistakes that might hurt your case. If you’re on the fence, remember that consultations are usually free. You can at least learn your rights and then decide.
Avoid talking to the other side’s insurance adjuster or accepting any settlement offer without legal advice. Once you have a lawyer, simply direct any calls or letters to them. This not only reduces your stress, but also ensures you don’t say something that could be used against you (even an innocent comment can be twisted by insurers).
In summary, an attorney is your advocate. They’ll fight for your best interests while you focus on recovery. If you’re in doubt, it’s better to consult one and find out you might not need full representation, than to miss the chance and end up under-compensated. Our firm’s mantra is helping injury victims get justice – if you have questions, you can always contact Francis Injury for a free case evaluation. We’re here to help, and we don’t get paid unless you win.
(Quick note: If the person or company responsible for your injury has their own attorney or legal team (for example, your employer or a trucking company), it’s definitely time for you to have a lawyer too. Never feel bad about protecting your rights – the other side certainly will be protecting theirs.)
6. Keep Detailed Records of Everything
Lastly, organize and save all documents and information related to your accident. Good record-keeping will strengthen your claim and make your life easier as your case progresses. Here’s what to keep track of:

- Medical Records and Bills: Maintain a file (physical or digital) with all medical documentation. This includes emergency room records, doctor’s notes, diagnostic test results (X-rays, MRIs, etc.), prescriptions, physical therapy reports, and so on. Also keep all bills and receipts: hospital bills, ambulance bills, pharmacy receipts, costs of medical devices (braces, crutches), etc. If you have to pay any out-of-pocket expenses (like co-pays or over-the-counter medications, bandages, etc.), log those too. These medical records and bills are proof of your injuries and treatment costs – the foundation for your economic damage claim. Your attorney will eventually use them to total your medical expenses (which often form a large part of a settlement demand). It’s much easier to gather them as you go than to chase them down months later.
- Lost Work and Income Documentation: If your injury causes you to miss work or affects your ability to earn, document that loss. Keep pay stubs or direct deposit records that show your income. Have your employer provide a letter or note confirming the dates you couldn’t work and how much income you lost as a result. If you used sick days or vacation due to the injury, note how many. For self-employed individuals, gather proof of contracts or jobs lost, or a statement of typical earnings from prior months. Future lost earning capacity can also be claimed if the injury has long-term effects on your ability to work – in that case, having past tax returns or income statements can help an expert calculate your losses. Essentially, any proof of income before and after the accident is useful.
- Personal Journal of Symptoms: It can be helpful to keep a daily journal of your recovery. Note your pain levels, mobility challenges, sleepless nights, and emotional struggles. For example, “March 14: pain level 8, could not lift my toddler, missed his school play due to doctor appointment, felt very frustrated and depressed.” This contemporaneous diary can serve as evidence of your pain and suffering (a non-economic damage). It’s hard to remember later exactly how the injury impacted your day-to-day life, so writing it down helps paint a full picture. It’s also therapeutic for some people. Treat this journal as something you might show to support your case – so be honest and detailed.
- Accident-Related Communications: Save copies of any communications about the accident. This could be emails or letters from insurance companies, voicemails, texts from witnesses or your employer, etc. If you filed an incident report and have a copy, keep it. If the other party sends you any sort of correspondence, definitely save it and show it to your lawyer. Do not delete text messages related to the case (for instance, if a coworker texted “I’m so sorry that machine malfunctioned and hurt you,” that’s an admission that could be useful). When in doubt, keep it.
- Receipts for Miscellaneous Expenses: Did you have to hire a house cleaner or nanny because you couldn’t do chores or childcare while injured? Keep those receipts – you may be able to claim compensation for those costs. Any mileage for driving to doctor appointments? Keep a log – travel to medical appointments is sometimes compensable (or at least tax-deductible in some cases). If you had to buy a brace, special chair, or even modify your home (like install a wheelchair ramp), save receipts. These are out-of-pocket expenses caused by the accident, and they should be added to your claim.
By keeping thorough records, you help prove the full extent of your damages. This will maximize what you can recover. Bring all these records when you meet with your attorney or adjuster. If you’re super organized, consider scanning documents to create a digital folder that you can easily share with your lawyer.
One more tip: Don’t post about the accident or your injuries on social media. It’s not exactly a “record” to keep, but it’s worth mentioning. Anything you post publicly (Facebook, Instagram, etc.) could potentially be used by the insurance company against you. For example, posting a photo of yourself smiling at a barbecue could be misconstrued as you “not being in pain” – even if it was just a momentary smile. It’s safest to stay off social media or make your accounts private and avoid discussing the injury at all.
With these six steps – medical care, official report, scene documentation, insurance notice, legal consultation, and record-keeping – you will have covered all the bases after a personal injury accident. You’ll have protected your well-being and laid the groundwork for any claim for compensation.
But what about specific types of accidents? The general steps apply to most situations, but different scenarios can have additional considerations. In the next section, we’ll dive into common personal injury accident scenarios (car accidents, workplace injuries, animal attacks, etc.) and highlight any special steps or tips for each. After that, we’ll also explain the kinds of damages (economic vs. non-economic) you might claim in a personal injury case, so you know what to expect.
Keep reading to become truly prepared for whatever life throws your way.
Common Personal Injury Accident Scenarios and How to Handle Them
Personal injury accidents come in many forms. While the core steps we covered above apply broadly, it’s worth looking at specific scenarios to note any extra actions you should take. Below are some of the most common personal injury cases beyond the standard car crash, and guidance tailored to each:
Motor Vehicle Accidents (Car, Truck, Motorcycle, etc.)
Car accidents are the most frequent personal injury accidents on the road. If you’re involved in a car wreck (or a truck or motorcycle accident), follow all the general steps – and pay attention to a few extra details:
- Stay at the scene and call police: It’s essential (and often legally required) to get a police report for any significant crash. Even if the other driver begs you not to involve police, make the call. The police report will be key evidence for your car accident claim. Officers will also help secure the scene and get medical help on the way.
- Move vehicles out of traffic if safe: If your vehicle is drivable and no one is critically injured, it’s a good idea to move cars to the side of the road. This prevents secondary accidents. Turn on hazard lights. (However, if the crash is severe or someone is injured and can’t be moved, leave the vehicles where they are and wait for emergency responders.)
- Exchange information with the other driver: Get their name, contact, insurance details, and license number. Also note the vehicle’s make/model and plate. Be polite, but do not apologize or admit fault in your conversation – even saying “I’m sorry, I didn’t see you” could be twisted later. Just ensure they are okay and collect info. If they admit fault (“I was on my phone, I’m so sorry!”), jot that down or remember it – that’s valuable, but don’t count on it making it into the police report unless the officer heard it.
- Talk to witnesses: Car crashes often have witnesses – drivers or pedestrians who stopped. Get their contacts as mentioned earlier. Their third-party perspective can corroborate that you had the green light, or that the other driver was swerving, etc.
- Seek medical care and follow up: Even if you feel mostly fine, get checked out. Some injuries (like whiplash or internal injuries) might not show immediate symptoms. Tell the doctor you were in a car accident so they look for accident-related trauma specifically. Keep up with any recommended treatment; gaps in treatment can hurt an auto injury claim (insurers may argue you weren’t really hurt if you didn’t consistently see a doctor).
- Notify your auto insurer and consider legal help: Car accident claims can get complicated, especially if there are serious injuries or multiple vehicles involved. Insurance companies might dispute who was at fault. It’s often wise to have an attorney handle a car accident injury claim – they can gather evidence like traffic camera footage or cell phone records (to prove the other driver was texting, for example). If the crash involved a commercial truck, it’s even more important – trucking companies deploy their own investigators immediately to limit their liability. You’ll want an advocate on your side. Check out our article on what you should do after a car accident for more detailed guidance specific to auto collisions.
Also, remember that motor vehicle accidents can include pedestrian or bicycle accidents – if you were on foot or a bike and hit by a vehicle, the steps are similar: call police, get driver info, and definitely seek medical help (pedestrians often have severe injuries). You should also know that as an injured pedestrian/cyclist, you may be covered by auto insurance (the driver’s liability insurance, and possibly your own auto policy’s uninsured motorist coverage if it was a hit-and-run or an uninsured driver). A lawyer can navigate those insurance issues.
Finally, be mindful of the statute of limitations for car accident claims in your state (how long you have to file a lawsuit). In many states it’s two years from the accident date (that’s the rule in Texas, for example). It can be shorter or longer elsewhere. Don’t delay taking action thinking you have forever – consult an attorney well before the deadline so you don’t lose your rights.
Workplace Injuries
Workplace or on-the-job accidents range from construction site injuries to office slip-and-falls. If you get hurt at work, your approach will involve workers’ compensation and possibly a third-party claim:
- Report to Employer and Document: We mentioned it earlier, but it’s so important: report your injury immediately to a supervisor. Not only is this legally required for workers’ comp, but it creates an official record. If possible, report in writing (email HR or fill out an incident form) and keep a copy. Include details: “At 2:30 PM I slipped on an oil spill by machine #4, injuring my back.” If there were witnesses (coworkers), note their names.
- Workers’ Compensation Claim: Workers’ comp is a no-fault insurance system that most employers have. It should cover your medical bills and a portion of lost wages while you recover, regardless of who caused the accident. File a workers’ comp claim promptly. Your employer or their insurance will provide forms. Be thorough in describing all injuries – if your shoulder and knee are hurt, list both. Follow the instructions from the workers’ comp insurer; you may have to see an approved doctor or attend independent medical exams. Keep notes of all interactions. Workers’ comp can be complicated, but it’s essentially your first remedy for work injuries.
- Third-Party Liability: One catch with workers’ comp is that, in most cases, you cannot sue your employer for negligence (workers’ comp is the exclusive remedy). However, if someone other than your employer contributed to your injury, you can pursue a standard personal injury claim against that party. This is known as a “third-party claim.” Examples: You’re a delivery driver and another motorist hits you – you can get workers’ comp and sue the other driver. Or you’re using a piece of machinery at work that malfunctions due to a defect – you might have a product liability claim against the manufacturer. Or a subcontractor on a construction site drops a tool on you – you could sue that subcontractor. Identify if any third party might be responsible, and consult an attorney to explore that. Unlike workers’ comp, a third-party lawsuit can provide full compensation for pain and suffering and other damages (workers’ comp does not).
- OSHA and Safety Investigations: If the injury is serious, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations may require your employer to report it, and OSHA might investigate. You can also file a complaint with OSHA if unsafe conditions caused your injury. While OSHA fines won’t directly pay you, an OSHA report citing safety violations can support a liability claim against the employer or others. Just know that retaliation by an employer for reporting an injury or safety issue is illegal. If you ever feel pressured not to report or face pushback, stand firm – and contact a lawyer or your state’s labor department for help.
- Medical Care in Workers’ Comp: In some states, workers’ comp lets your employer or insurer direct your medical care (choose your doctor). In others, you can pick your own doctor. Know your state’s rule. If you feel the company doctor is downplaying your injuries, you have the right to a second opinion – talk to an attorney in that case. Always be honest about your symptoms, and don’t rush back to work before you’re ready. Your health comes first, and returning too early could worsen your injury (and potentially affect your claim if you re-injure yourself).
- Keep records and notes: Just as with any injury, keep records – especially of all correspondence with your employer or workers’ comp insurer. If they deny treatments or benefits, note it. Workers’ comp claims can unfortunately be denied or underpaid. Many people do end up consulting a workers’ comp attorney to ensure they get proper benefits (which is a specialized area, though many personal injury firms handle both). For example, if your claim is denied saying “not work-related,” a lawyer can help appeal that decision.
The key with work injuries is to take advantage of the protections in place (like workers’ comp) but also ensure you’re not short-changed. Don’t be afraid to assert your rights – including the right to legal counsel. At Francis Injury, we help many clients who were hurt on the job, often in construction or industrial accidents. Our Texas construction accident lawyers understand both workers’ comp and negligence laws to identify all sources of compensation. So, if you’re hurt at work, you’re not limited to just whatever your employer offers – explore your options.
Slip and Fall (Premises Liability) Accidents
Slip, trip, and fall accidents – along with other injuries on someone else’s property – are very common personal injury cases. They fall under premises liability law, which means property owners or occupiers may be liable if their negligence led to your injury. Here’s what to do:
- Report and Record: Always report a slip and fall to the property owner or manager immediately, as mentioned in Step 2. If it’s a store or business, insist that they make an incident report. For example, if you slipped on spilled water at a supermarket, telling the manager and getting it documented will prevent the store (or their insurance) from later saying “Oh, we have no record of this happening.” If you’re hurt at someone’s private home, inform them of the injury (and later you or your lawyer can communicate with their homeowners insurance).
- Photograph the Hazard: Conditions can change rapidly – that spill might be mopped up 5 minutes after you fall. So take pictures right away of what caused you to fall. Whether it’s an icy patch on stairs, a broken railing, poor lighting, uneven pavement, or in the classic case, a banana peel on the floor – you need proof of it. It can be challenging later to prove how you fell, so photos or videos are gold. Also note the date/time; hazards like ice or snow are obviously time-sensitive. If you can, safely grab a piece of evidence – e.g., if a step broke under you, maybe a piece of the broken step can be preserved. But only if it’s safe to do so; otherwise, just document it.
- Witnesses and Statements: As with other accidents, see if anyone saw your fall or the hazard that caused it. A fellow shopper might say “I almost slipped there too, that puddle’s been there for 20 minutes!” Get their contact info. In premises cases, witnesses could also be employees who admit “Yeah, that machine has been leaking for days” or similar – though employees might be hesitant to speak against their employer, sometimes they will acknowledge something to you at the moment (“I’m sorry, we’ve been meaning to fix that”). Jot down anything said.
- Seek Medical Care: Don’t shake off a fall. Many slip and falls cause serious injuries – broken wrists, fractured hips, concussions, back injuries, etc. Adrenaline and embarrassment might make you want to jump up and say “I’m okay!” but if you fell hard, take a moment. If you feel pain or hit your head, get medical help right away. For head impacts, watch for any concussion symptoms (headache, nausea, confusion) and see a doctor if any develop. Having a medical record soon after the fall linking the injury to that event is important for your claim as well.
- Premises Liability Proof: Know that to hold a property owner responsible, typically you (or your lawyer) must prove they were negligent in maintaining the property. This usually means showing the owner knew or should have known about the dangerous condition and failed to fix or warn about it. For instance, if a soda spills in aisle 5 and 2 minutes later you slip, the store might argue they didn’t have time to discover it. But if it was spilled 30 minutes ago and employees walked by, you can argue they should have known. The evidence you gather (like how long the hazard was present, or store cleaning logs, etc.) will be crucial. It’s a bit complex, which is why many slip and fall victims hire an attorney. Our own blog post on slip and fall cases in Texas goes into detail about proving negligence in these cases, if you’re interested.
- Don’t Blame Yourself (Publicly): It’s human nature to feel clumsy after a fall and maybe say “Oh, I should have watched where I was going.” Avoid making such comments at the scene. Sure, be honest if asked by a doctor or someone, but you don’t need to volunteer self-blame. The law in many states (like Texas) uses comparative negligence, meaning if you are found partly at fault, your compensation might be reduced. The insurance company for the property will certainly try to claim you weren’t paying attention. Don’t help their case by admitting fault. Just state if asked, for example, “I didn’t see the liquid on the floor” – which is fair because why would a customer expect a hazard? It’s the store’s duty to keep floors safe or warn you, not your duty to scan every inch of the floor in front of you (courts have held that customers can reasonably be distracted by shopping, etc.).
- Insurance in Premises Cases: The good news is most businesses and homeowners carry liability insurance that covers these accidents. The claim is usually filed against that insurance. They may reach out to you quickly – again, be cautious and consider getting legal advice so you don’t settle for less than you need. Remember, once you settle, it’s over – you can’t go back for more if, say, your sprained ankle turns out to be a fracture needing surgery. So don’t rush.
To recap: if you slip and fall (or get hurt on property), document, report, and get checked out. Then look into a claim with the property owner’s insurance, ideally with an attorney’s help if injuries are serious. Premises liability cases can be contested, but with solid evidence and perhaps expert testimony (sometimes an expert is used to explain how a condition was hazardous), you can recover damages. The team at Francis Injury has handled many such cases – from falls in stores to apartment complex injuries – so we’re familiar with proving owner negligence. Our premises liability lawyers can evaluate your situation if you’re unsure about your rights after a fall.
Dog Bites and Animal Attacks
Being bitten or attacked by an animal, especially a dog, can be a terrifying experience that leads to serious injuries (lacerations, infections, scarring) and trauma. Here’s what to do if you’re injured by someone’s pet:
- Immediate Medical Care (and First Aid): Dog bites in particular pose a high risk of infection. If the wound is bleeding heavily or a body part is severely injured, call 911 for emergency help. For more moderate bites, you should still see a doctor the same day. If you cannot get to one immediately, perform basic first aid: gently clean the wound with mild soap and water to flush out bacteria, apply antibiotic ointment, and cover it with a clean bandage. Deep or large wounds may need stitches. Never neglect a puncture wound – even small punctures from teeth can introduce bacteria deep into tissue (leading to nasty infections). Also, you may need a tetanus shot if you’re not up to date, and possibly a rabies vaccination if the animal’s rabies status is unknown. Don’t take chances; let a healthcare provider evaluate the bite. According to the CDC, roughly 800,000 dog bites each year require medical attention in the U.S., so you’re not alone in seeking treatment.
- Identify the Animal and Owner: If you were bitten by a dog (or any pet), try to identify the dog and who owns it. This is crucial for several reasons. First, to determine the dog’s rabies vaccination status – if the dog can’t be found, you might have to undergo rabies shots as a precaution (a series of injections, which isn’t fun). If you get the owner’s info, you can confirm with animal control or vet records that the dog is vaccinated. Second, identifying the owner is necessary for any legal claim. Get the owner’s name, address, and phone number. If the owner is present and cooperative, also ask for proof of rabies vaccine if they have it. Note the breed and description of the dog. If it’s a stray dog with no apparent owner, notify animal control so they can attempt to capture it for public safety (and testing if needed).
- Report the Incident: Call your local animal control or police to report the bite. In many places, healthcare providers are actually required to report dog bites to authorities. Filing a report serves to document what happened (similar to a police report for an accident). Animal control may open an investigation, which can also help establish the facts (for instance, if the dog had a history of aggression). This official record will support your case if you pursue a claim. Plus, it could potentially prevent future bites if the animal is deemed dangerous and appropriate actions are taken (like a quarantine or behavioral evaluation). When reporting, give as many details as you can: date, time, location, what you were doing, and how the dog approached/attacked.
- Photograph Injuries: As mentioned earlier, take pictures of your bite injuries (before and after treatment if possible). Bite wounds, bruises, torn clothing, all of that should be documented. These images will demonstrate the severity of the attack better than any words can.
- Avoid Provoking Statements: When talking to the dog owner (or later, their insurer), don’t admit fault like “I must have provoked the dog”. In truth, dog bite liability often does not depend on whether you unintentionally provoked the dog or not. It depends on state law: many states have strict liability for dog owners, meaning if their dog bites someone, the owner is liable regardless of precautions or the dog’s past behavior (unless you were trespassing or intentionally provoking). Other states follow a “one bite rule”, which may require proving the owner knew the dog was dangerous (e.g., had bitten before). In either case, you don’t need to fall on your sword. The fact is, a properly supervised and trained dog typically shouldn’t bite without serious provocation. Let the investigators conclude what happened. Meanwhile, be factual: “The dog bit me while I was walking on the sidewalk” – that’s enough.
- Insurance Claim or Legal Claim: Most dog bite injuries are covered by the dog owner’s homeowners or renters insurance. If you know the owner, you (or your lawyer) can make a claim with their insurer. Provide medical records and bills to substantiate your injuries. Compensation can cover those medical costs, any lost income, and often your pain, scarring, and trauma (dog bites can be very traumatizing, leading to lasting fear or PTSD, especially in children). If the dog owner has no insurance and refuses to pay out of pocket, you might need to file a personal injury lawsuit against them directly. An attorney can advise on the best course. Many times, just a claim letter from a lawyer to an insurance company results in a fair settlement. Our firm’s dog bite injury lawyers are familiar with Texas dog bite statutes and have helped clients get compensated after vicious attacks. We also ensure that future medical needs (like scar revision surgery, therapy for trauma, etc.) are considered in the claim.
- Follow Medical Advice & Watch for Infection: Make sure to do all follow-up care after a bite. Infections from bites can surface days later – watch for redness, swelling, warmth, or discharge from the wound, and see a doctor immediately if those occur. Keep notes of any psychological effects too (nightmares, anxiety). If you need counseling, that can be part of damages as well.
One more thing: if the animal that bit you was a dog owned by your employer (say you’re a delivery driver bitten by a client’s dog) or happened at work (like a security dog or lab animal), that could intersect with workers’ comp or third-party claims. Definitely get legal advice in such scenarios to navigate the best route.
In summary, dog and animal bites require quick medical action and thorough documentation/reporting. Once you’re on the mend, you can seek compensation for your injuries through the appropriate insurance channels or legal avenues. Don’t hesitate to take action – as the statistics show, millions are bitten each year, and victims have rights to be made whole. Plus, holding owners accountable encourages more responsible pet ownership, potentially preventing future incidents.
(And yes, for the record, we love dogs – but we believe owners must be responsible for them. If a dog injured you due to an owner’s negligence, we’ll help you hold them accountable while still giving Fido fair treatment under the law.)
Other Injury Scenarios: Product Defects, Assaults, etc.
While vehicle, work, slip/fall, and dog bite cases are among the most common, personal injury law covers a broad range of incidents. Here are a few others worth mentioning:
- Defective Products: If you were injured by a defective product – for example, an unsafe appliance, a faulty airbag in a car, a contaminated food item, or a medication with harmful side effects – you could have a product liability claim. These cases often target manufacturers or sellers. Important steps here include preserving the product (don’t throw it away!) and any proof of purchase, and documenting the malfunction. Product cases can get technical, involving experts to show a design or manufacturing defect. If you suspect a product caused your injury, definitely consult a lawyer. Product liability is a specialized area; our product liability team can evaluate things like whether a tool lacked proper safety guards or a car part had a known defect. Keep all pieces of the product if it broke. These claims can potentially lead to large recoveries (and sometimes class actions if many are affected).
- Medical Malpractice: Injuries caused by medical negligence (like a surgical error, misdiagnosis, medication mistake, etc.) fall under medical malpractice, which is also a type of personal injury case. These are quite complex and have their own procedures (often requiring expert testimony and special notice to the provider). If you believe a doctor or hospital’s mistake injured you, steps include requesting your medical records and contacting a malpractice attorney. Time frames for these can be shorter in some jurisdictions, and there may be caps on damages. While we at Francis Injury focus on accident-related injuries, we can refer you to trusted med-mal attorneys if needed. The key is to recognize it’s not “just bad luck” but possibly negligence, and you have the right to inquire and pursue a claim if justified.
- Assaults or Intentional Torts: Not all injuries are “accidents” – some are intentional acts (assault, battery). If you were intentionally harmed (e.g., punched in a bar fight, or worse), the perpetrator can face criminal charges, but you also have the right to sue them civilly for damages. In many cases, however, collecting money from an individual attacker can be difficult unless they have assets or applicable insurance (sometimes homeowners insurance might cover certain assault injuries, strangely enough, if negligence can be argued). Still, you can pursue restitution through the criminal court or a civil suit. Always report intentional harm to the police first. Once safe, get a lawyer’s advice on next steps.
- Wrongful Death: Tragically, some accidents result in a fatality. When someone dies due to another’s negligence, their family may bring a wrongful death claim. The steps in the immediate aftermath (medical care, reports, evidence) would likely be handled by authorities (police, etc., especially in fatal crashes) and later by the family or an attorney. If you are ever in the terrible situation of losing a loved one in an accident, it’s advisable to reach out to a personal injury lawyer who handles wrongful death to guide you. There are usually specific laws on who can file (spouse, children, etc.) and what damages can be recovered (like funeral expenses, loss of support, etc.). Our firm’s wrongful death attorneys handle such cases with compassion and diligence.
The above list isn’t exhaustive – there are also injuries like premises liability beyond slips (e.g., inadequate security leading to an assault, swimming pool accidents, fires), sports or recreation accidents, boating accidents, rideshare (Uber/Lyft) accidents, and more. No matter the scenario, the core advice remains: prioritize health, document everything, and get legal advice if there’s any hint of someone else’s fault.
For a broader discussion, you might read our post on the types of cases personal injury lawyers handle, which covers many of these categories in detail. It’s an eye-opener on how wide-reaching personal injury law really is – from car wrecks to dog bites to defective products and beyond.
Now that we’ve covered what to do and consider in different accidents, let’s turn to the outcome of all this: the damages you can recover. In the next section, we’ll break down the difference between economic and non-economic damages (and give examples of each) so you know what kinds of compensation to expect when you file a personal injury claim.
Understanding Personal Injury Damages: Economic vs. Non-Economic
When you pursue a personal injury claim – whether through an insurance settlement or a lawsuit – the goal is to recover financial compensation for your losses. These losses are legally termed “damages.” There are generally two categories of damages in personal injury cases: economic (also called special damages) and non-economic (general damages). Let’s define each and give examples:
Economic Damages: These refer to the tangible, quantifiable monetary losses you incur due to the accident. They compensate you for money you’ve spent or lost, or will have to spend or lose in the future. If you can attach a receipt, bill, or pay stub to it, it’s likely an economic damage. Common examples include:
- Medical Expenses: All the medical bills stemming from the injury. This covers hospital stays, ER visits, doctor appointments, surgery costs, medication, medical devices (crutches, wheelchair, braces), physical therapy, chiropractic care, mental health counseling, home nursing care – any treatment or rehabilitation expense. It also includes future medical expenses if you will need ongoing care (for example, the cost of a future surgery or years of therapy anticipated). These can be established via doctor testimony. Even travel costs to and from medical appointments can be counted.
- Lost Income: If your injury caused you to miss work, the wages or salary you lost during that time are economic damages. For hourly workers, it’s hours missed × hourly rate. For salaried, it’s a prorated amount of your salary. Include any lost overtime, bonuses, or commissions you would have earned. If you had to use sick leave or PTO, some claims include the value of those days since you had to deplete them. Beyond past lost income, loss of earning capacity going forward can be significant: if your injury permanently limits your ability to work (say you can’t return to your previous job or can only work part-time), you can claim the difference in your future earning potential. This often involves economic expert analysis.
- Property Damage: If personal property was damaged in the incident, you’re entitled to repair or replacement costs. The classic example is car damage from an auto accident – costs to fix your vehicle or its market value if totaled are economic damages. But it could be other property too: a motorcycle helmet destroyed in a crash, eyeglasses broken in a fall, a phone smashed during an assault, etc. Keep receipts/estimates for repairs or item values.
- Out-of-Pocket Expenses: Any other miscellaneous costs you had to pay because of the accident. Examples: the cost of hiring someone to do chores you couldn’t (cleaning, lawn care, childcare); lodging and travel expenses if you had to travel for treatment; modifications to your home (like installing a ramp after a wheelchair injury); crutches or canes from the drugstore; even over-the-counter pain meds or bandages. These often get overlooked but they add up. Save receipts for everything. If you paid a parking fee at the hospital, that’s technically a damage (albeit small).
All these economic damages are usually totaled up using bills and financial records. They represent the financial impact of the injury. In a settlement demand, your attorney might present a spreadsheet of these costs. They’re generally the easier part to calculate because they’re concrete numbers (though future costs and lost earning capacity require some prediction and expert input).
Non-Economic Damages: These are the intangible, non-monetary losses you suffer – real harms, but not ones you can easily assign a dollar amount just by a receipt. They compensate you for how the injury affected your quality of life. Common examples include:
- Pain and Suffering: This is compensation for the physical pain and discomfort you’ve endured and may continue to endure. Broken bones hurt; surgery recovery hurts; chronic pain conditions from an accident can last a lifetime. There’s no bill for “pain,” but the law allows you to recover money to acknowledge it. Pain and suffering is often assessed based on the severity of the injury, the amount of medical treatment, and how long the pain lasts. For example, a whiplash that heals in a few months might have a moderate pain and suffering value, whereas severe burns causing constant pain and multiple surgeries would justifiably have a very high pain and suffering value.
- Emotional Distress: Accidents don’t just hurt physically – they can leave emotional scars. You might experience anxiety, depression, insomnia, flashbacks (especially in traumatic events like vicious dog attacks or near-death accidents), or PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder). Emotional distress damages compensate for these psychological impacts. Sometimes this is included within “pain and suffering” in a general sense, or sometimes itemized separately as mental anguish. If you needed therapy or medication for anxiety/depression post-accident, that also bolsters a claim for emotional distress (note: the therapy cost is economic, but the anguish itself is non-economic).
- Loss of Enjoyment of Life: If your injuries prevent you from enjoying hobbies, activities, and day-to-day pleasures you used to, you can be compensated for that loss of enjoyment. For instance, if you were an avid runner but now due to a leg injury you can no longer run or play sports, that’s a significant loss of quality of life. Or if you can’t pick up your children or play with them like before, that diminishes life’s enjoyment. These are real losses even if they don’t have a price tag. We often include a claim for loss of enjoyment, especially in cases of long-term disability.
- Scarring and Disfigurement: If the injury left you with visible scars, disfigurement, or permanent physical changes, you should be compensated for the cosmetic and social/emotional impact of that. For example, a facial scar or amputation or significant limp – these not only possibly affect your self-esteem but also how others perceive and treat you, which can be a lifelong impact. There’s also future cosmetic surgery costs (economic) but the non-economic part is living with the disfigurement.
- Loss of Consortium: This is a bit more specialized – it refers to the negative effect the injury has on your relationship with your spouse (or sometimes with close family). A spouse of an injured person can claim loss of consortium which covers loss of companionship, affection, sexual relations, etc., due to the injuries. For example, if someone’s severe injury or trauma makes them emotionally distant or physically unable to engage in aspects of the marriage, the spouse experiences a loss too. In some jurisdictions, children or parents might claim something similar for loss of relationship if a severe injury changes family dynamics. These damages recognize that injury ripples out to loved ones.
Non-economic damages often make up the larger portion of compensation in serious injury cases because they account for all the human suffering and life impact that goes beyond bills. How are they calculated? There’s no one right method. Insurance adjusters and juries might use various approaches. One common method is the “multiplier” method: add up economic damages and multiply by a factor (say 1 to 5+ depending on severity) to estimate pain and suffering. Another method is “per diem”: assign a dollar value per day of suffering and multiply by days of recovery. But these are just heuristics. Really, it comes down to the persuasiveness of your story and evidence: how deeply has this injury affected you? That’s why all the documentation, journals, witness statements about your lifestyle change, etc., are useful – they paint a picture for the negotiator or juror of your real losses.
It’s worth noting that some states have caps on non-economic damages, especially in medical malpractice cases or generally. For instance, a state might cap pain and suffering at $500,000 or $250,000. In a regular injury case, usually there’s no cap (except in a few states or certain situations). In Texas, for example, there’s no cap on pain and suffering in standard injury cases, but there is in med mal. Your attorney will know if any caps apply.
Finally, there’s a third category of damages in rare cases: Punitive Damages. These are not to compensate you, but to punish egregious wrongdoing by a defendant. They apply only if the at-fault party acted with gross negligence or intentional misconduct (like a drunk driver who was extremely over the limit, or a company that knowingly sold a deadly product). Punitive damages require a higher burden of proof and are not available in every case – but if they are, they can significantly increase an award (and are often capped by law too). If your case involves really reckless behavior, discuss with your lawyer about the possibility of punitive damages. Even the threat of them can pressure a better settlement.
So, when you add it all up: a fair personal injury settlement or award should cover all your economic losses (past and future) and provide a monetary remedy for your non-economic suffering. For example, consider a car accident victim who incurred $50,000 in medical bills, will need $50,000 more in future surgery, lost $20,000 in wages, and has a permanent limp causing ongoing pain and loss of enjoyment – their economic damages might be $120,000, and their non-economic could be a multiple of that (perhaps several hundred thousand) to account for lifelong pain and limitations. Every case varies.
It’s the job of your attorney to present a compelling claim for both types of damages. At Francis Injury, we often utilize expert witnesses (like medical experts, economists, life care planners) to substantiate economic damages, and day-in-the-life videos or testimonies to illustrate non-economic damages. We want the insurer or jury to truly understand what this accident cost you – financially, physically, and emotionally.
If you’d like to dig deeper into how damages work, feel free to read our explainer on how pain and suffering is calculated in accident cases. It provides insight into the strategies used to value those intangible losses.

Conclusion
Suffering a personal injury accident can throw your life into chaos – but by following the steps outlined in this guide, you can regain control. Let’s recap the essentials of what to do after a personal injury accident:
- Take care of your health first – get the medical attention you need without delay, and follow doctors’ orders.
- Report the incident to police, employers, or property owners so it’s officially documented.
- Gather evidence – photos, witness info, etc. – to support your version of events.
- Notify the appropriate insurance companies, but be cautious in your communication and avoid admitting fault.
- Consult a personal injury attorney for guidance, especially in serious cases – remember, it costs nothing upfront and can protect your rights.
- Keep detailed records of all expenses, lost income, and how the injury affects your life.
We also explored scenario-specific tips (vehicle crashes, work injuries, animal attacks, slips and falls, and more) – noting that each might have extra steps like contacting animal control or filing workers’ comp. And we broke down the types of compensation you can pursue: both the concrete financial losses and the very real personal suffering you’ve endured.
By being proactive and informed, you significantly improve your chances of a full physical recovery and a full financial recovery. You didn’t ask to be injured – and you shouldn’t bear the costs alone if someone else’s negligence caused it. That’s where we can help.
If you or a loved one has been injured in any kind of accident and you’re unsure of what to do next, we invite you to reach out to us at Francis Injury. Our mission is to relieve your burden and fight for the compensation you deserve, so you can focus on healing. Our founding attorney, Michael Francis, is a Board-Certified personal injury trial lawyer with over 30 years of experience. Our firm has recovered millions of dollars for clients across car accidents, workplace injuries, slip and falls – you name it. We treat clients like family and work aggressively to hold the responsible parties accountable.
We offer a 100% free consultation – no strings attached. We’ll listen to what happened, answer your questions, and outline your options. If you choose to hire us, you pay nothing up front and absolutely no fee unless we win for you (that’s our no-fee guarantee). You have nothing to lose by getting case-specific advice.
So don’t hesitate. Even if you’re not sure you have a case, give us a call. Let us help you figure out the next steps. The aftermath of an accident is overwhelming, but you don’t have to navigate it alone. We’re here to be your advocate and guide.
Contact Francis Injury today to discuss your personal injury situation. You can call us at 817-329-9001 or send us a message through our website to schedule your free case evaluation. We have offices in Dallas, Fort Worth, and across Texas, and we assist clients nationwide through our network of attorneys.
Remember: after an accident, the actions you take (or don’t take) can significantly affect your health, legal rights, and financial future. Use the knowledge from this guide to act wisely. And if you need legal help, we’re just one call away. We hope this comprehensive article has answered your questions and given you a solid game plan for the unexpected.
Stay safe, and know that if the worst happens, Francis Injury has your back.
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