Driving with a learner’s permit comes with strict rules — and crossing state lines adds another layer of complexity. If you’re asking, “Can I drive in another state with a learner’s permit?”, the answer depends entirely on where you’re headed and the laws in that state.
This guide from Francis Injury breaks down everything you need to know about driving across state lines with a permit, including state-by-state differences, legal risks, and tips to avoid penalties.
What Is a Learner or Provisional Permit?
A learner’s permit (also called an instruction or provisional permit) allows a new driver to practice with certain restrictions in place before receiving a full driver’s license. These restrictions usually include:
- Must be accompanied by a licensed adult driver (usually 21 or older)
- No nighttime driving (typically between 9 p.m. and 5 a.m.)
- Zero tolerance for cellphone use or distractions
- Passenger limitations depending on the state
Driving Across State Lines with a Learner’s Permit
Some states honor out-of-state learner’s permits under certain conditions, while others prohibit their use entirely. The main takeaway is this: you must follow both your home state's rules and the destination state's laws.
If your permit allows supervised driving in your home state, that doesn’t automatically mean another state will recognize your right to drive — even with a licensed adult in the car.
States That Commonly Accept Out-of-State Learner’s Permits & Provisional Licenses
States that tend to honor out-of-state permits include:
- Texas – Must follow Texas permit laws; supervising driver must be 21+.
- California – Driver must be accompanied by a 25+ year-old licensed driver; out-of-state permits are often recognized.
- Florida – Recognizes out-of-state permits with a licensed adult driver present (21+).
- Arizona – Requires adherence to both home state rules and Arizona’s supervision laws.
Even in states that accept permits, the rules may differ on:
- Minimum age for supervising drivers
- Allowed driving hours
- Passenger restrictions
States That May Not Accept Out-of-State Learner’s Permits
Some states do not honor out-of-state learner’s permits. Driving in these states can lead to citations or even criminal charges for unlicensed driving. Always check the DMV website of the state you're visiting before getting behind the wheel.
Examples of states with stricter rules include:
- New York – Does not honor any out-of-state permits for driving in NYC.
- Hawaii – Generally restrictive about learner’s permit holders from other states.
- Connecticut – Has additional requirements for supervising drivers.
Tips for Driving Legally with a Learner’s Permit Across States
- Research Reciprocity Laws: Visit the NHTSA or the state’s DMV website.
- Always Drive with a Licensed Adult: Ensure they meet the age and experience requirements of both states.
- Know the Most Restrictive Rule Applies: If one state requires a licensed driver to be 25+ and the other 21+, follow the stricter rule.
- Carry Proof: Bring your permit, school ID, and a utility bill or government-issued document verifying your home address.
Legal Risks of Driving in the Wrong State with a Permit
Driving in a state that does not recognize your learner’s permit is legally considered unlicensed driving. You could face:
- Traffic citations and fines
- Points on your driving record
- License delays or suspension
- Higher car insurance premiums
Out-of-State Learner’s Permit Rules by State
Below is a nationwide overview of how each state handles learner’s permits issued by other states. Always confirm with local DMV offices before driving out of state.
| State | Out-of-State Recognized | Accompanying Driver Requirements | Must Follow Home State Rules? | Provisional License Accepted? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Alaska | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Arizona | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Arkansas | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| California | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Colorado | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Connecticut | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Delaware | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Florida | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Georgia | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Hawaii | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Idaho | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Illinois | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Indiana | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Iowa | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Kansas | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Kentucky | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Louisiana | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Maine | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Maryland | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Massachusetts | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Michigan | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Minnesota | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Mississippi | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Missouri | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Montana | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Nebraska | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Nevada | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| New Hampshire | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| New Jersey | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| New Mexico | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| New York | ✔ | Not valid in NYC; elsewhere adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| North Carolina | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| North Dakota | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Ohio | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Oklahoma | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Oregon | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Pennsylvania | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Rhode Island | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| South Carolina | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| South Dakota | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Tennessee | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Texas | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Utah | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Vermont | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Virginia | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Washington | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| West Virginia | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Wisconsin | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
| Wyoming | ✔ | Licensed adult 21+ required | ✔ | ✔ |
What If You Get Into an Accident While Driving Out-of-State?
If you’re involved in an accident while driving with a learner’s permit in a state that does not recognize your permit, your situation becomes legally complex.
You may be held partially at fault for driving without valid authorization, even if the other driver caused the crash. This could affect your ability to recover full damages from the at-fault party’s insurance.
For serious injuries or legal issues, consult with an experienced accident attorney.
Related Reading from Francis Injury
- Is It Illegal to Drive Barefoot?
- Can You Wear Headphones While Driving?
- What To Do When You Hit a Deer
Final Thoughts
Before you cross state lines with a learner’s permit, do your homework. Know the rules of the state you’re entering and follow the most restrictive laws between both states. When in doubt, stay on the safe side and avoid driving until you obtain a full license.
Need Legal Help After a Traffic Incident or Accident?
At Francis Injury, we help new drivers and parents understand their rights — especially if you’ve been involved in a crash while driving with a learner’s permit.